What is meant by genotoxicity?
Genotoxicity is defined as a destructive effect affecting the integrity of the genetic material of the cells (DNA, RNA).
Does genetics affect toxicity?
The metabolism of exogenous and endogenous chemical toxins may be modified by inherited and induced variation in CYP (P450), acetyltransferase (NAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes. We observe that specific 'at risk' genotypes for GSTM1 and NAT1/2 increase risk for bladder cancer among smokers.
What do you mean by genotoxicity and teratogenicity?
Genotoxicity relies to the ability of chemicals to damage the genetic information within a cell resulting in mutations which may lead to malignancies, while teratogenesis is the disturbed growth process involved in the production of a malformed neonate.
Is genotoxicity the same as mutagenicity?
Genotoxicity is similar to mutagenicity except that genotoxic effects are not necessarily always associated with mutations. All mutagens are genotoxic, however, not all genotoxic substances are mutagenic. Mutations can either occur in germ cells or somatic cells.
What is the difference between genotoxicity and carcinogenicity?
The term "genotoxic carcinogen" indicates a chemical capable of producing cancer by directly altering the genetic material of target cells, while "non-genotoxic carcinogen" represents a chemical capable of producing cancer by some secondary mechanism not related to direct gene damage.
What are 3 examples of mutagens?
Some of the common examples of mutagens are- UV light, X-rays, reactive oxygen species, alkylating agents, base analogs, transposons, etc.
What happens if your DNA is altered?
If the complex system involved in copying DNA fails, or if bad things are present in the environment, a mistake in the sequence of DNA can occur. These mistakes, called mutations, can happen at any phase of life, beginning with a growing baby's first cells all the way to an adult's mature cells.